Disinfectants are to protect humans, animals, fish and plants from water-related diseases. In this post you will find an overview of causing germs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_diseases
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_diseases
Water disinfection until today
The most widespread used disinfectants for (drinking) water are chlorine and chlorine-type disinfectants. The use of chlorine is increasingly subject to criticism due to its numerous disadvantages and hazards.
The hazards of chlorine involve both safety and health related risks and effects that can only be avoided by phasing out the use of chlorine and applying a disinfectant with completely different characteristics.
Alternatives for water disinfection
The water treatment industry has been looking for water disinfection alternatives to replace the use of classical disinfectants for a long time. Many chemical and mechanical concepts have been tested and evaluated but with only limited results or new problems to be tackled.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_diseases
Waterborne diseases
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Waterborne diseases are
caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most commonly are
transmitted in contaminated fresh water. Infection commonly results during
bathing, washing, drinking, in the preparation of food, or the consumption of
food thus infected. Various forms of waterborne diarrheal disease probably are
the most prominent examples, and affect mainly children in developing
countries; according to the World Health
Organization, such diseases account for an estimated 4.1% of the
total DALY global burden of
disease, and cause about 1.8 million human deaths annually. The
World Health Organization estimates that 88% of that burden is attributable to
unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene.[1]
Contents
The term
"waterborne disease" is reserved largely for infections that
predominantly are transmitted through contact with or consumption of infected
water. Trivially, many infections may be transmitted by microbes or parasites
that accidentally, possibly as a result of exceptional circumstances, have
entered the water, but the fact that there might be an occasional freak
infection need not mean that it is useful to categorise the resulting disease
as "waterborne". Nor is it common practice to refer to diseases such
as malaria as "waterborne" just
becausemosquitoes have aquatic phases in their
life cycles, or because treating the water they inhabit happens to be an
effective strategy in control of the mosquitoes that are the vectors.
Microorganisms causing diseases that
characteristically are waterborne prominently include protozoa and bacteria, many of which are intestinal parasites,
or invade the tissues or circulatory system through walls of the digestive
tract. Various other waterborne diseases are caused by viruses.
(In spite of philosophical difficulties associated with defining viruses as
"organisms", it is practical and
convenient to regard them as microorganisms in this connection.)
Yet other important
classes of water-borne diseases are caused by metazoan parasites. Typical examples include certain Nematoda, that is to say
"roundworms". As an example of water-borne Nematode infections, one
important waterborne nematodal disease is Dracunculiasis. It is acquired by swallowing
water in which certain copepoda occur that
act as vectors for the Nematoda. Anyone swallowing a copepod that happens to be
infected with Nematode larvae in the genus Dracunculus,
becomes liable to infection. The larvae cause guinea worm disease.[2]
Another class of
waterborne metazoan pathogens are certain members of
the Schistosomatidae,
a family of blood flukes. They usually
infect victims that make skin contact with the water.[2]Blood flukes are pathogens that cause Schistosomiasis of various forms, more or
less seriously affecting hundreds of millions of people world-wide.[3]
Long before modern
studies had established the germ theory of
disease, or any advanced understanding of the nature of water as a
vehicle for transmitting disease, traditional beliefs had cautioned against the
consumption of water, rather favouring processed beverages such as beer, wine and tea.
For example, in the camel caravans that
crossed Central Asia along
the Silk Road, the explorer Owen Lattimore noted, "The reason we
drank so much tea was because of the bad water. Water alone, unboiled, is never
drunk. There is a superstition that it causes blisters on the feet."[4]
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